Subjunctive, As If, If Only, Would Rather

SUBJUNCTIVE

1.      Hope = berharap

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pengharapan yang mungkin terjadi di waktu sekarang

Rumus : Subjek 1 + hope/hopes, subjek 2 + v1 + O

Contoh : I hope, I get a good score.

               She hopes, her boyfriend will not be angry with her.

2.      Hoped = berharap

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pengharapan yang mungkin terjadi di waktu lampau.

Rumus : Subjek 1 + hoped, subjek 2 + v2 + O

Contoh : We hoped, our team would win in the match.

               She hoped, her boyfriend would forgive her.

3.      Wish = berharap

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pengharapan yang bertentangan dengan kondisi yang sebenarnya di waktu sekarang.

Rumus : Subjek 1 + wish, subjek 2 + v2 + O

Contoh : I wish, I could fly.

               She wishes, she got the lottery.

4.      Wished = berharap

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pengharapan yang bertentangan dengan kondisi yang sebenarnya di waktu lampau.

Rumus : Subjek 1 + wished, subjek 2 + had + v3 + O

Contoh : She wished, her boyfriend had not been angry with her.

               You wished, you had been rich.

Catatan : Tidak blh menggunakan was.

AS IF (Seolah-olah)

1.      Rumus :

As if + subjek 1 + v1, subjek 2 + v2 + O

Contoh : She acts, as if she were sick.

               He speaks as if he knew everything.

2.      Rumus :

As if + subjek 1 + v2, subjek 2 + had + v3 + O

Contoh : He denied, as if he had not done a corruption.

               They denied, as if they had not stolen the car.

IF ONLY (Andai Saja)

1.      Rumus : If only + Subject 1 + V2 + Ket. Waktu sekarang

Contoh : If only it were winter now.

                     If only she came to the party tonight.

2.      Rumus : If only + Subject + had + V3 + ket. Waktu lampau

Contoh : If only you had attended the meeting yesterday.

                If only it had not been rain yesterday.

WOULD RATHER (Lebih Suka)

1.      Rumus : Subject 1 + Would rather + Subject 2 + V2 + Keterangan waktu skrg

Untuk menyatakan suatu kondisi yang lebih suka di waktu sekarang.

Contoh : I would rather it were winter now.

                You would rather you didn’t have any test.

2.      Rumus : Subject 1 + would rather + subject 2 + had + V3 + Keterangan waktu lampau

Untuk menyatakan suatu kondisi yang lebih suka di waktu lampau.

Contoh : John would rather that you had not been angry with him yesterday.

                I would rather you had gone away from me yesterday.

Conditional Sentence MATERIAL plus EXERCISES plus ANSWERS

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

(Kalimat Bersyarat / Pengandaian)

Conditional Sentence terdiri dari 3 tipe :

1.       Type 1 :

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kondisi yang mungkin/tidak mungkin terjadi apabila syarat utamanya terpenuhi. (Bisa ya bisa tidak)

RUMUS :

If + Subject 1 + Verb 1, Subject 2 + modal v1 + Verb 1 + O

Contoh :

If I have time, I will play tennis.

If it does not rain, I will come to your house.

2.       Type 2 :

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kondisi yang bertentangan dengan kondisi yang sebenarnya di waktu sekarang. (tdk mungkin)

RUMUS :

If + Subject 1 + V2, Subject 2 + modal v2 + V1 + O

Contoh :

If I had a lot of money, I would go to Europe.

Means : I do not have much money, so I will not go to Europe.

If I were you, I would accept his offer.

Means : I am not you, so I do not accept his offer.

3.       Type 3 :

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kondisi yang bertentangan dengan kondisi yang sebenarnya di waktu lampau.

RUMUS :

If + Subject 1 + had + V3, Subject 2 + would + have + V3 + O

Contoh :

If you had studied hard, you would have passed your exam.

Means : You didn’t study, so you didn’t pass your exam.

If you had arrive earlier in the party, you would have met your favorite singer.

Means : You didn’t arrive earlier, so you didn’t meet your favorite singer.

Note : Dalam conditional sentence, kata “was” tidak pernah dipakai untuk semua subjek. Sebagai penggantinya, selalu digunakan kata “were”.

SOAL

1.       Run or you will die.

2.       You didn’t study hard, so you got a bad score for English.

3.       I do not have anytime, so I cannot come to the party.

4.       You tease her, so she is angry with you.

5.       You were absent yesterday, so you missed test.

6.       You woke up late, so you missed the train.

7.       Don’t do that, your teacher will be angry.

8.       The food is so delicious, I have eat twice.

9.       The party was so awful, I went home early.

10.   I get a bad score for English and my father is angry with me.

ANSWERS

1.       If you don’t run, you will die.

2.       If you had studied hard, you wouldn’t got a bad score for English.

3.       If I had time, I could come to the party.

4.       If you didn’t tease her, she were not angry with you.

5.       If you had not been absent yesterday, you would not have missed the test.

6.       If you had not woken up late, you would not have missed the train.

7.       If you do that, your teacher will be angry.

8.       If  the food were not so delicious, I didn’t have eat twice.

9.       If the party had not been so awful, I would not have gone home early.

10.   If I didn’t get a bad score for English, my father were not angry with me.

Materi Bahasa Inggris : Reported Speech

REPORTED (= INDIRECT) SPEECH

1. If the reporting verb in the past form (said, told,...) you have to change the tense.

Direct speech	Indirect speech	Direct Speech	Indirect speech
Present simple	Past simple	go	went
Present progressive	Past progressive	am/is/are going	was/were going
Past simple	Past perfect	went	had gone
Past progressive	Past perfect progressive	was/were going	had been going
Present perfect simple	Past perfect	has/have gone	had gone
Present perfect progressive	Past perfect progressive	has/have been going	had been going
Future	Conditional I	will go	would go
Example    : Peter said: "Carol is a nice girl."
Peter said (that) Carol was a nice girl.

 2. When you form the reported speech you have to pay attention that the pronouns refer to the correct person.

Examples:	Susan said: "My parents are clever scientists."
	Susan said (that) her parents were clever scientists.
	Tom said: "I like PE best."
	Tom said (that) he liked PE best.
	They said: "We went swimming with our friends."
	They said (that) they had gone swimming with their friend.
	Betty said: "Sam told me the truth."
	Betty said (that) Sam had told her the truth.

	Direct speech	Indirect speech
She said	I - my - me	she - her - her
He said	I - my - me	he - his - him
They said	they - their - them	we - our - us

You and your:

They told her / him / me / them / us: "George loves you."

They told her / him / me / them / us (that) George loved her / him / me / them / us.

They told her / him / me / them / us: "George loves your sister."

They told her / him / me / them / us (that) George loved her / his / my / their / our sister.

They told her / him / me / them / us: "You are clever."

They told her / him / me / them / us (that) she / he / I / they / we was / were clever.

3. Expressions of time and place must also be changed.

	Direct speech	Indirect speech
Time	now	then
	today	that day
	yesterday	the day before
	tomorrow	the next / following day
	last week, month,...	the previous week, month,...
	next week, month,...	the following week, month,...
Place	here	there
	this	that
	these	those

She said: "I have already seen Carol today."
She said (that) she had already seen Carol that day.